As we make our way to the end of the book of Mark, Jesus has set his face toward the cross. He will continue to move toward the cross until all is accomplished and we celebrate his glorious resurrection at Easter. So, as we move toward the end when Jesus died a criminal’s death, we want to ask this big question - “what did Jesus accomplish at the cross?” And what does this mean for us? To help us marvel at God’s kindness to us in Christ, we want to highlight some theological words that capture different aspects of the cross’ significance. The words in this brief series all end with “-TION.”
Today we’ll highlight JUSTIFICATION (just-i-fi-cay-shun).
Justification is a theological term used to describe the bible’s answer to life's most fundamental question:
“How can we be made right with God?”
But, in order to understand justification, we must first dig into the backstory. As it’s been said, you can’t be found until you have been lost. Well, if justification is answering the question, “how can we be made right with God” then we must begin by discovering how we were NOT right with God.
God, Man, and Sin
The bible teaches clearly that God is perfect. He is holy. He is completely righteous and so are his laws:
Righteous are you, O LORD, and right are your rules. - Psalm 119:137
People, though we were created to reflect God’s image, have been marred by sin (Gen. 3). Since Adam, people have been characterized by rebellion against God. The bible teaches that even our best efforts at righteousness are still stained with sin:
We have all become like one who is unclean, and all our righteous deeds are like a polluted garment. We all fade like a leaf, and our iniquities, like the wind, take us away. - Isa 64:6
Ephesians 2:1-3 shows that a sinful disposition toward God is our nature. This is not limited to a few “bad” people. The problem is that we are tempted to compare ourselves by ourselves. However, God demands that we be held up against a standard of true righteousness - Himself. Romans 3:23 says “all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.”
The Dilemma
As a result, our sinfulness puts us at complete odds with God’s righteousness. As light displaces the darkness, so does righteousness displace unrighteousness. If we were to enter into God’s presence in our unrighteous state, His righteousness would consume us. Psalm 130:3 says, “If you, O LORD, should mark iniquities, O Lord, who could stand?” Not only is it unthinkable for us to make ourselves righteous, it is also unthinkable that God, in His perfection, could overlook our sinful state and maintain His just character. Proverbs 17:15 says - “He who justifies the wicked and he who condemns the righteous are both alike an abomination to the Lord.”
How then can we be right with God? How can sinful humanity ever be justified by the God who judges justly?
The Answer: Jesus, The God-Man
God, in His mercy, has provided a way when there was no way! He has made a righteous way for declaring sinners righteous in His sight while remaining perfectly true to His own righteous character. The answer is Jesus, the God-Man.
Anselm of Canterbury summed it up wonderfully when he said:
“Man owed a debt, but could not pay it. God could pay the debt, but did not owe it. Only Jesus, fully-man and fully-God, could both owe and pay the debt.”
God sent Jesus to resolve the impossible tension of simultaneously saving sinners and maintaining His righteousness. After establishing the shortcoming of sinful man in Romans 3:23, the next verses culminate into a wonderful display of God’s action:
…for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith. This was to show God's righteousness, because in his divine forbearance he had passed over former sins. It was to show his righteousness at the present time, so that he might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. - Romans 3:23-26
From these verses, we learn that, through Jesus Christ, God is both just and justifier. That is, he preserves His character (just) AND provides a way for sinners to escape his just wrath by placing it all upon Jesus (justifier). The way that sinners may be made right before God is through faith in the finished work of Jesus.
Herein lies the big difference between self-justification and justification by faith. Self-justification looks inward to be made right with God - some deed or action to be considered worthy. This search is in vain. On the contrary, biblical justification is based on faith. Faith looks outward to be made right with God. Justification by faith looks to Jesus Christ. So, salvation is by grace alone in Christ alone.
Justification Defined and Explained
So, putting it all together, we could use Wayne Grudem’s definition of justification:
Justification is an instantaneous legal act of God in which he (1) thinks of our sins as forgiven and Christ’s righteousness as belonging to us, and (2) declares us to be righteous in his sight.
From this definition, we can see that justification consists of two parts: Our sins are forgiven and we are declared righteous. First, it involves the forgiveness of sins. Sin is no longer reckoned to our account. All our sin - past, present, and future - fell on Jesus at the cross. Secondly, righteousness is credited to our account. We aren’t left in some morally neutral state wondering what God thinks about us now. The righteousness of Christ is credited to us. Justification is not about a change of nature. Instead, it is a legal term wherein God credits the righteousness of Christ to us. We are forgiven of sin and declared righteous!
Result of Justification
At the beginning of this article, we asked the question: “How can we be made right with God?” The answer is through biblical justification. Phil Eveson summarizes justification this way:
The gospel of God’s justifying grace proclaims that sinful people who put their trust in Jesus Christ have all their sins forgiven, are placed in a right legal standing before God and are no longer condemned.
Scripture records the wonderful result for all those who have put their faith in Jesus Christ:
Therefore, since we have been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ. - Rom 5:1
Justification means peace with God. We are no longer under his just wrath. All of our sin has been dealt with definitively at the cross. Read these parting words from R.C. Sproul about the justification Christ procured for you:
When God declares peace, when he declares us just, the war is over. And it is over forever. To be sure, believers may incur his displeasure, they may cause him to respond with chastisement, but never again does God lift up the sword against his children